An applicant weighing three offers, a parent comparing open days, an international student choosing a country before a course: the question that used to be typed into a search box is now put to an assistant, and the assistant answers first. It names a university, quotes a fee and states an entry requirement before the family has opened a single prospectus, and it builds that answer from the university websites it can read cleanly.
Whether that sentence names you, and whether it is accurate, rests on something no prospectus review will surface: how cleanly a machine can read the pages you already publish. This benchmark measures that across the United Kingdom's universities.
On 1 September 2026 we ran the leading universities organisations through the Crane Index™, our three-scanner AI Visibility Suite. Of the 158 home pages we approached, 41 could not be read by a machine at all: 26 refused an automated reader, 12 gave it no response and 3 serve pages that do not exist until scripts run. Of the 117 a machine could read, 4 cleared 70 out of 100, and the field is led by University of Kent at 88, with Arts University Bournemouth next at 76. Every figure here is a first-party measurement, the full dated result set is archived, and we re-run the scan and report the movement.
Skip to the full league table ↓
The sixty-second read
- ▸The finding: 117 of the 158 sites we approached could be read by a machine, and 4 of them cleared 70 out of 100 on the Crane Index.
- ▸The money: when a buyer asks an engine to shortlist suppliers, an illegible site is simply not on the list. The demand does not vanish, it goes to a legible competitor free, while your paid channels buy it back at a rising cost per acquisition.
- ▸The pattern to watch: in the two flagship studies, the FTSE 100 and the UK's biggest online retailers, one mechanical habit separated the top of the field from the bottom, valid structured data and one identity a machine can resolve. That is a markup sprint, not a rebuild, so a median can move faster than a board expects.
The full ranked field follows. Or test yourself first: the free scanner takes a minute.
Across the 117 readable sites the Crane Index ran from 20 to 88. 4 scored 70 or above, 22 sat between 55 and 69, 78 between 40 and 54, and 13 below 40. The strongest of the three reads was Agent Readiness at a median of 68, and the weakest was Brand Representation at 13, whether a machine can confirm from your own site who you are.
Universities
| # | Crane Index™The composite of the three reads: one number for how well a machine can find, act on and trust this site. Ranked highest to lowest. | AI Search ReadinessCan the engines that read the live site, AI Overviews, Perplexity, ChatGPT with search, resolve the company and extract what it sells, to whom? Entity coherence, structured data, extractable answers. | Agent ReadinessCan an automated agent get in and act? Door-open access for AI crawlers, machine-readable actions, operability, discovery. | Brand RepresentationCan a machine confirm from the site who this company is? Identity markup, disambiguation to the real-world entity, authority links, rights signals. | Details | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of Kentkent.ac.uk | 88 | 86 | 97 | 81 | |
|
AI Search · 86 Entity coherence97 Structured data64 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access91 Agent · 97 Crawler access100 Machine actions100 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 81 Identity79 Disambiguation100 Authority links80 Rights signals50 Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
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| 2 | Arts University Bournemouthaub.ac.uk | 76 | 78 | 76 | 73 | |
|
AI Search · 78 Entity coherence83 Structured data57 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 76 Crawler access63 Machine actions71 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 73 Identity50 Disambiguation100 Authority links50 Rights signals100
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 3 | University of Buckinghambuckingham.ac.uk | 73 | 77 | 90 | 52 | |
|
AI Search · 77 Entity coherence75 Structured data57 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access100 Agent · 90 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability95 Discovery100 Representation · 52 Identity100 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 4 | Canterbury Christ Church Universitycanterbury.ac.uk | 71 | 81 | 81 | 52 | |
|
AI Search · 81 Entity coherence69 Structured data86 Extractable answers83 Readability90 Access83 Agent · 81 Crawler access100 Machine actions64 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 52 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links80 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 5 | University of Chichesterchi.ac.uk | 67 | 74 | 89 | 37 | |
|
AI Search · 74 Entity coherence64 Structured data57 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 89 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 37 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 6= | Norwich University of the Artsnorwichuni.ac.uk | 66 | 79 | 89 | 30 | |
|
AI Search · 79 Entity coherence53 Structured data57 Extractable answers100 Readability90 Access96 Agent · 89 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 30 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links30 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 6= | The Courtauld Institute of Artcourtauld.ac.uk | 66 | 73 | 87 | 37 | |
|
AI Search · 73 Entity coherence64 Structured data57 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access96 Agent · 87 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 37 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 8 | Leeds Beckett Universityleedsbeckett.ac.uk | 63 | 86 | 69 | 35 | |
|
AI Search · 86 Entity coherence64 Structured data79 Extractable answers100 Readability90 Access96 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 35 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links50 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 9 | Edge Hill Universityedgehill.ac.uk | 62 | 75 | 83 | 28 | |
|
AI Search · 75 Entity coherence42 Structured data43 Extractable answers100 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 83 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 28 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 10= | Anglia Ruskin Universityaru.ac.uk | 61 | 69 | 69 | 44 | |
|
AI Search · 69 Entity coherence72 Structured data21 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 44 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links50 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 10= | King's College Londonkcl.ac.uk | 61 | 69 | 69 | 44 | |
|
AI Search · 69 Entity coherence64 Structured data79 Extractable answers50 Readability90 Access78 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 44 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links50 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 10= | University for the Creative Artsuca.ac.uk | 61 | 73 | 72 | 37 | |
|
AI Search · 73 Entity coherence58 Structured data21 Extractable answers100 Readability100 Access91 Agent · 72 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery100 Representation · 37 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 10= | University of Brightonbrighton.ac.uk/index.aspx | 61 | 59 | 89 | 35 | |
|
AI Search · 59 Entity coherence44 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 89 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 35 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links50 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 10= | University of Chesterchester.ac.uk | 61 | 72 | 89 | 22 | |
|
AI Search · 72 Entity coherence47 Structured data32 Extractable answers100 Readability100 Access87 Agent · 89 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 22 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 15= | Richmond American University Londonrichmond.ac.uk | 60 | 70 | 83 | 28 | |
|
AI Search · 70 Entity coherence64 Structured data57 Extractable answers50 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 83 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 28 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 15= | University of Warwickwarwick.ac.uk | 60 | 66 | 89 | 24 | |
|
AI Search · 66 Entity coherence36 Structured data43 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 89 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 24 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links30 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 17= | Rose Bruford Collegebruford.ac.uk | 59 | 63 | 87 | 28 | |
|
AI Search · 63 Entity coherence42 Structured data57 Extractable answers50 Readability100 Access87 Agent · 87 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 28 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 17= | Staffordshire Universitystaffs.ac.uk | 59 | 60 | 79 | 37 | |
|
AI Search · 60 Entity coherence58 Structured data32 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access61 Agent · 79 Crawler access88 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery25 Representation · 37 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 19= | Liverpool John Moores Universityljmu.ac.uk | 58 | 61 | 84 | 28 | |
|
AI Search · 61 Entity coherence58 Structured data32 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access61 Agent · 84 Crawler access75 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery100 Representation · 28 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 19= | University of Exeterexeter.ac.uk | 58 | 68 | 92 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 68 Entity coherence36 Structured data57 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 92 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery100 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 19= | University of Wales Trinity Saint Daviduwtsd.ac.uk | 58 | 61 | 77 | 37 | |
|
AI Search · 61 Entity coherence53 Structured data43 Extractable answers50 Readability70 Access96 Agent · 77 Crawler access63 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 37 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 22= | Arts University Plymouthaup.ac.uk | 57 | 72 | 63 | 37 | |
|
AI Search · 72 Entity coherence69 Structured data43 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 37 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 22= | Northeastern University Londonnulondon.ac.uk | 57 | 64 | 92 | 15 | |
|
AI Search · 64 Entity coherence14 Structured data57 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access100 Agent · 92 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery100 Representation · 15 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links30 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 22= | Northumbria Universitynorthumbria.ac.uk | 57 | 64 | 69 | 37 | |
|
AI Search · 64 Entity coherence69 Structured data43 Extractable answers33 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 37 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 25= | University of East Londonuel.ac.uk | 56 | 63 | 67 | 37 | |
|
AI Search · 63 Entity coherence42 Structured data32 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access96 Agent · 67 Crawler access63 Machine actions36 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 37 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 25= | University of Portsmouthport.ac.uk | 56 | 66 | 66 | 35 | |
|
AI Search · 66 Entity coherence31 Structured data79 Extractable answers67 Readability80 Access83 Agent · 66 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery100 Representation · 35 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals100
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 27 | University of Stirlingstir.ac.uk | 54 | 60 | 89 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 60 Entity coherence36 Structured data29 Extractable answers67 Readability85 Access91 Agent · 89 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 28= | Birmingham City Universitybcu.ac.uk | 53 | 59 | 79 | 22 | |
|
AI Search · 59 Entity coherence25 Structured data32 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access96 Agent · 79 Crawler access100 Machine actions36 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 22 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 28= | Royal Northern College of Musicrncm.ac.uk | 53 | 56 | 89 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 56 Entity coherence14 Structured data57 Extractable answers50 Readability90 Access87 Agent · 89 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 28= | Swansea Universityswansea.ac.uk | 53 | 61 | 69 | 28 | |
|
AI Search · 61 Entity coherence53 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 28 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 31 | University of Northamptonnorthampton.ac.uk | 52 | 65 | 69 | 22 | |
|
AI Search · 65 Entity coherence36 Structured data21 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 22 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 32= | Leeds Arts Universityleeds-art.ac.uk | 51 | 57 | 58 | 39 | |
|
AI Search · 57 Entity coherence58 Structured data64 Extractable answers17 Readability75 Access91 Agent · 58 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability60 Discovery75 Representation · 39 Identity50 Disambiguation30 Authority links30 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 32= | Teesside Universitytees.ac.uk | 51 | 56 | 83 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 56 Entity coherence36 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access70 Agent · 83 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability100 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 32= | University of Greater Manchestergreatermanchester.ac.uk | 51 | 57 | 69 | 28 | |
|
AI Search · 57 Entity coherence25 Structured data54 Extractable answers50 Readability70 Access96 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 28 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 35= | University of Bradfordbradford.ac.uk/external | 50 | 58 | 63 | 29 | |
|
AI Search · 58 Entity coherence36 Structured data29 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access74 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery25 Representation · 29 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals100
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 35= | University of Southamptonsouthampton.ac.uk | 50 | 54 | 69 | 28 | |
|
AI Search · 54 Entity coherence31 Structured data32 Extractable answers67 Readability70 Access74 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 28 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 37= | De Montfort Universitydmu.ac.uk/home.aspx | 49 | 57 | 69 | 22 | |
|
AI Search · 57 Entity coherence36 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 22 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 37= | Leeds Trinity Universityleedstrinity.ac.uk | 49 | 65 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 65 Entity coherence3 Structured data79 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 37= | University of St Andrewsst-andrews.ac.uk | 49 | 52 | 72 | 22 | |
|
AI Search · 52 Entity coherence36 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability60 Access78 Agent · 72 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery100 Representation · 22 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 37= | University of Sussexsussex.ac.uk | 49 | 52 | 81 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 52 Entity coherence25 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access65 Agent · 81 Crawler access100 Machine actions71 Operability95 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 41= | Abertay Universityabertay.ac.uk | 48 | 54 | 62 | 28 | |
|
AI Search · 54 Entity coherence31 Structured data29 Extractable answers50 Readability100 Access83 Agent · 62 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery25 Representation · 28 Identity50 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 41= | Arden Universityarden.ac.uk | 48 | 54 | 68 | 22 | |
|
AI Search · 54 Entity coherence36 Structured data21 Extractable answers50 Readability90 Access91 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 22 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 41= | Cardiff Metropolitan Universitycardiffmet.ac.uk | 48 | 63 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 63 Entity coherence36 Structured data43 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access83 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 41= | The University of Lawlaw.ac.uk | 48 | 54 | 69 | 22 | |
|
AI Search · 54 Entity coherence42 Structured data21 Extractable answers50 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 22 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 45= | Loughborough Universitylboro.ac.uk | 47 | 55 | 63 | 22 | |
|
AI Search · 55 Entity coherence36 Structured data21 Extractable answers50 Readability90 Access96 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 22 Identity0 Disambiguation30 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 45= | Middlesex Universitymdx.ac.uk | 47 | 56 | 72 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 56 Entity coherence25 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access83 Agent · 72 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery100 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 47= | Royal Agricultural Universityrau.ac.uk | 46 | 57 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 57 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers100 Readability100 Access87 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 47= | University of Sunderlandsunderland.ac.uk | 46 | 64 | 63 | 10 | |
|
AI Search · 64 Entity coherence31 Structured data32 Extractable answers83 Readability85 Access96 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 10 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links10 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 49= | BPP Universitybpp.com | 45 | 52 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 52 Entity coherence3 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access91 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 49= | Oxford Brookes Universitybrookes.ac.uk | 45 | 59 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 59 Entity coherence36 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access91 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 49= | University of Lincolnlincoln.ac.uk | 45 | 43 | 72 | 20 | |
|
AI Search · 43 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability75 Access78 Agent · 72 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery100 Representation · 20 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals100
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 49= | University of Salfordsalford.ac.uk | 45 | 55 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 55 Entity coherence3 Structured data32 Extractable answers83 Readability90 Access78 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 53= | Brunel University of Londonbrunel.ac.uk | 44 | 55 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 55 Entity coherence3 Structured data21 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access83 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 53= | Heriot-Watt Universityhw.ac.uk | 44 | 58 | 62 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 58 Entity coherence3 Structured data32 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access87 Agent · 62 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability75 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 53= | Ravensbourne University Londonravensbourne.ac.uk | 44 | 49 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 49 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access87 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 53= | University of Essexessex.ac.uk | 44 | 53 | 66 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 53 Entity coherence3 Structured data57 Extractable answers50 Readability90 Access87 Agent · 66 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability90 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 53= | University of Greenwichgre.ac.uk | 44 | 52 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 52 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access87 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Bangor Universitybangor.ac.uk | 43 | 46 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 46 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Goldsmiths, University of Londongold.ac.uk | 43 | 47 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 47 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability85 Access96 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Guildhall School of Music and Dramagsmd.ac.uk | 43 | 51 | 62 | 15 | |
|
AI Search · 51 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 62 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability75 Discovery75 Representation · 15 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links30 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Hartpury Universityhartpury.ac.uk | 43 | 48 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 48 Entity coherence3 Structured data21 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access74 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Lancaster Universitylancaster.ac.uk | 43 | 46 | 69 | 15 | |
|
AI Search · 46 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers50 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 15 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links30 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Robert Gordon Universityrgu.ac.uk | 43 | 47 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 47 Entity coherence25 Structured data21 Extractable answers50 Readability70 Access78 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Royal College of Artrca.ac.uk | 43 | 49 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 49 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Royal Conservatoire of Scotlandrcs.ac.uk | 43 | 46 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 46 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers67 Readability80 Access87 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Scotland's Rural Collegesruc.ac.uk | 43 | 48 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 48 Entity coherence3 Structured data11 Extractable answers67 Readability70 Access96 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | SOAS University of Londonsoas.ac.uk | 43 | 47 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 47 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers83 Readability80 Access78 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Solent Universitysolent.ac.uk | 43 | 54 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 54 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers100 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | The University of Manchestermanchester.ac.uk | 43 | 48 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 48 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access91 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dancetrinitylaban.ac.uk | 43 | 47 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 47 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access87 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 58= | University of Surreysurrey.ac.uk | 43 | 49 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 49 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | Bath Spa Universitybathspa.ac.uk | 42 | 44 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 44 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access74 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | Plymouth Marjon Universitymarjon.ac.uk | 42 | 45 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 45 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access74 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | Sheffield Hallam Universityshu.ac.uk | 42 | 50 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 50 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | The University of Sheffieldsheffield.ac.uk | 42 | 46 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 46 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers50 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | University of Cambridgecam.ac.uk | 42 | 51 | 62 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 51 Entity coherence14 Structured data32 Extractable answers50 Readability75 Access96 Agent · 62 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability75 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | University of Leedsleeds.ac.uk | 42 | 46 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 46 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | University of Suffolkuos.ac.uk | 42 | 45 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 45 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access74 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | University of the West of Scotlanduws.ac.uk | 42 | 44 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 44 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access78 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | University of Westminsterwestminster.ac.uk | 42 | 44 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 44 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access78 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 72= | University of Worcesterworcester.ac.uk | 42 | 49 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 49 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | Aberystwyth Universityaber.ac.uk/en | 41 | 49 | 62 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 49 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access74 Agent · 62 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | Aston Universityaston.ac.uk | 41 | 41 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 41 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers50 Readability80 Access83 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | Keele Universitykeele.ac.uk | 41 | 48 | 62 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 48 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access83 Agent · 62 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | London Business Schoollondon.edu | 41 | 49 | 62 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 49 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 62 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability75 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | London Metropolitan Universitylondonmet.ac.uk | 41 | 43 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 43 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access70 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | London School of Economics and Political Sciencelse.ac.uk | 41 | 48 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 48 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access91 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | Royal College of Musicrcm.ac.uk | 41 | 43 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 43 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers50 Readability90 Access91 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | University of Bathbath.ac.uk | 41 | 42 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 42 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers50 Readability100 Access74 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | University of Bristolbristol.ac.uk | 41 | 40 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 40 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers50 Readability90 Access70 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | University of Cumbriacumbria.ac.uk | 41 | 37 | 71 | 15 | |
|
AI Search · 37 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers33 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 71 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery100 Representation · 15 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links30 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | University of Glasgowgla.ac.uk | 41 | 44 | 65 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 44 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access74 Agent · 65 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery50 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | University of Readingreading.ac.uk | 41 | 48 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 48 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access70 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 82= | University of Roehamptonroehampton.ac.uk | 41 | 47 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 47 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access87 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | Birkbeck, University of Londonbbk.ac.uk | 40 | 43 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 43 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access70 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | Manchester Metropolitan Universitymmu.ac.uk | 40 | 49 | 57 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 49 Entity coherence3 Structured data43 Extractable answers33 Readability100 Access96 Agent · 57 Crawler access63 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | The Glasgow School of Artgsa.ac.uk | 40 | 50 | 56 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 50 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access80 Agent · 56 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability75 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | University of Aberdeenabdn.ac.uk | 40 | 43 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 43 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access65 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | University of Birminghambirmingham.ac.uk | 40 | 47 | 63 | 10 | |
|
AI Search · 47 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability85 Access96 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 10 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links10 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | University of Derbyderby.ac.uk | 40 | 50 | 56 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 50 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers83 Readability90 Access87 Agent · 56 Crawler access63 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | University of Liverpoolliverpool.ac.uk | 40 | 43 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 43 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access65 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | University of Plymouthplymouth.ac.uk | 40 | 38 | 69 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 38 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers33 Readability100 Access83 Agent · 69 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | University of the Highlands and Islandsuhi.ac.uk/en | 40 | 44 | 62 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 44 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability80 Access83 Agent · 62 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 95= | University of West Londonuwl.ac.uk | 40 | 49 | 57 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 49 Entity coherence3 Structured data7 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access96 Agent · 57 Crawler access63 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 105= | Newcastle Universityncl.ac.uk | 39 | 37 | 68 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 37 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers50 Readability80 Access70 Agent · 68 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 105= | UCLucl.ac.uk | 39 | 47 | 57 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 47 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability90 Access91 Agent · 57 Crawler access63 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 105= | University of Huddersfieldhud.ac.uk | 39 | 46 | 57 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 46 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access78 Agent · 57 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 105= | University of Winchesterwinchester.ac.uk | 39 | 40 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 40 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers50 Readability100 Access74 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 105= | Wrexham Universitywrexham.ac.uk | 39 | 42 | 63 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 42 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability80 Access74 Agent · 63 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability80 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 110= | Cranfield Universitycranfield.ac.uk | 38 | 40 | 62 | 13 | |
|
AI Search · 40 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers50 Readability100 Access70 Agent · 62 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability75 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
||||||
| 110= | Imperial College Londonimperial.ac.uk | 38 | 44 | 56 | 13 | |
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AI Search · 44 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers50 Readability90 Access96 Agent · 56 Crawler access63 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
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| 110= | University of Nottinghamnottingham.ac.uk | 38 | 40 | 60 | 13 | |
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AI Search · 40 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability100 Access48 Agent · 60 Crawler access75 Machine actions0 Operability95 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
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| 110= | University of Yorkyork.ac.uk | 38 | 51 | 51 | 13 | |
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AI Search · 51 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers83 Readability100 Access83 Agent · 51 Crawler access63 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
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| 114= | St Mary's University, Twickenhamstmarys.ac.uk | 37 | 44 | 58 | 10 | |
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AI Search · 44 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers67 Readability60 Access96 Agent · 58 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability60 Discovery75 Representation · 10 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links10 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
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| 114= | University of Central Lancashirelancashire.ac.uk | 37 | 69 | 30 | 13 | |
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AI Search · 69 Entity coherence47 Structured data36 Extractable answers83 Readability90 Access96 Agent · 30 Crawler access25 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery75 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
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| 116 | University of Bedfordshirebeds.ac.uk | 27 | 37 | 30 | 13 | |
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AI Search · 37 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers50 Readability80 Access70 Agent · 30 Crawler access25 Machine actions0 Operability100 Discovery25 Representation · 13 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links20 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
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| 117 | University of Wolverhamptonwlv.ac.uk | 20 | 17 | 34 | 8 | |
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AI Search · 17 Entity coherence3 Structured data0 Extractable answers0 Readability25 Access65 Agent · 34 Crawler access100 Machine actions0 Operability45 Discovery25 Representation · 8 Identity0 Disambiguation0 Authority links0 Rights signals50
Crane Index™ over time
Measured 1 September 2026. The line builds with each monthly re-scan, so the movement becomes a matter of record.
Verified measurement: the Crane Index™ certificate, scores exactly as published. |
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Invisible by choice: the 41 locked doors ↓
These names have no score for a sharper reason: their sites would not let a machine reader in at all. They refused it outright, gave it nothing, or serve pages that are empty until scripts run, and the crawlers and shopping agents AI engines send live in the same data centres our reader does. One fair caveat, stated plainly: a site that verifies crawlers by network may admit engines it recognises while refusing ours, so they are reported as unmeasured, never scored. But a door bolted against unknown machines is a posture, and it is one the machines now bringing buyers will meet first.
A low score says a site is hard for a machine to read, not that the business is anything other than excellent at what it does. The 41 sites a reader could not enter are reported as unmeasured, never scored zero. The stakes are on the record: in 2026, Google reported that its AI Mode in Search had passed a billion monthly users, and the machine-readable layer these scanners read is the structured data Google Search Central documents. How to read this table, and the full method →
The full report
The full Universities report
The board-ready document for this benchmark is compiled with the monthly re-scan on the first of the month, so it publishes here with the next run. Every figure it will contain is already on this page, and the whole ranked field is in the table above.
Score your own domain before you brief anyone. The free AI Search Readiness scanner is the same instrument behind this table and takes about a minute. A result below 55 means an engine is already handing your shortlist slot to whoever in your category is legible. Prefer the whole field watched for you? Daily reconnaissance of your domain beside the competitors you choose is £1,600 a year ex VAT.
This benchmark is re-run on the first of each month, every company named and every score re-measurable live, so the movement becomes public record. The top of every measured cohort sits in the leaderboard, and the full programme is at Crane Index™ Research.
Licensed CC BY 4.0. Cite as: The Crane Index™, Universities AI readability benchmark, The Crane Consultancy, measured 1 September 2026. https://thecraneconsultancy.com/research/universities-ai-visibility/
Reachability was never the university sector's problem
Universities publish without pause: course pages, fee tables, entry profiles, open-day listings. Getting an automated reader through the front door is rarely the difficulty. The difficulty sits a step further in, in how well those readable pages are understood by a machine assembling an answer, because being reachable and being legible are different things, and only the second decides whether an engine can lift your entry requirements and quote them back correctly.
The facts an applicant actually needs, the grades, the fees, the start dates, often sit behind a course-search tool or an application portal that renders only for a human clicking through it. The undergraduate prospectus that answers most of them is issued as a PDF, which an engine will not open and cannot quote. Content sprawls across faculty and departmental sub-domains with no single institutional identity for an engine to attach trust to. None of that shows on a marketing report; all of it is measured by the three reads.
Being read is not the same as being understood
The Crane Index scores three behaviours, and an applicant can run the same test an engine does:
- Retrieval. Ask an engine a prospective student's question about your subject. Does it find your university at all?
- Extraction. Does it pull the course, the entry requirement and the fee correctly?
- Naming. Does it name you in the answer, or describe a course while crediting another institution?
An assistant that cannot read your offer cleanly still answers; it simply fills the gaps by inference, and an invented entry requirement or a mis-stated fee is worse than silence to a family who cannot easily check it. An applicant told they need AAB when the page says BBB, or quoted an international fee that is out by thousands, removes you from the shortlist without ever testing the claim. No enquiry reaches admissions, because the decision was taken inside a sentence the university had no hand in writing.
What walks away is a career, not a click
What walks away is seldom a single application. The lost value runs to the fee, the three or four years that follow it and the alumni goodwill after that, each redirected to whichever university the machine could describe correctly. For international recruitment the same arithmetic runs on a larger order and a thinner margin for error. By the time poor machine readability registers at all, it has been paid for in offers that went somewhere an engine could read.
The institutions near the top of the field rarely got there by rebuilding. They did the smaller, decisive work: valid Organization and Course structured data, the machine-readable labelling engines rely on, applied to the pages that carry entry requirements and fees; one institutional identity rendered identically across every faculty sub-domain; and the facts a student needs written into the page itself rather than locked inside a portal or a download. Publish the prospectus as pages a reader can open, not only as a file to download.
Any institution can see where it stands in a couple of minutes with the free AI search readiness check, and every figure on this page is derived by the method set out on our methodology page. For institutions that want the reading repeated as pages change through an admissions cycle, we monitor a single domain for £1,600 a year ex VAT. Assistants are already answering applicants' questions about your courses. What is still open is whether they answer from your pages or from an inference.
Search the Crane Index™
Is your domain measured?
Type a domain to see whether it is in the Index and where it ranks. If it is not in yet, ask us to measure it on the next monthly scan.
